Greek] ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus), [Latin] pontifex maximus: a high priest, a chief priest, a leader, a ruler; Mt.26:3, Act. 4:1, Heb.10:11, Heb. 7:24-26, Mk.11:18
Background Information:
Roman Empire: The emperor was called the pontifex maximus (chief ruler). The emperor was head of the collegium pontificum. This group consisted of high ranking priests of the state religion. The Latin pontifex means bridge builder. The position of bridge builder was in important position in Rome with the Tiber River. The role of pons (bridge) was given to the emperor. The emperor was seen as the link between gods and men. Pontifex maximus literally means highest bridge maker.
Old Testament: A chief priest is a mediator for his people. He is the leader of the priest class. The high priest, once a year on the Day of Atonement, enters the Holy of Holies. The priest must offer for his own sins and sins of his people.
New Testament: Christ assumes the role as the perfect High Priest. Christ offers Himself as a perfect a sacrifice and mediator. The chief priests’ status is diminished in comparison to Christ. The chief priests often oppose Jesus.
Scripture:
“The chief priests and scribes came to hear of it and were seeking a way to put Him to death, yet they feared Him because the crowd was astonished at His teaching.” Mk. 11:18
The chief priests become opponents to Jesus.
“He has a priesthood that does not pass away. Therefore, He is always able to save those who approach God through Him, since He lives forever to make intercession for them. It was fitting that we should have such high priest.” Heb.7:24-26
Jesus is the High Priest who makes the perfect sacrifice and intercession for all.
Christianity: The word pontifex later becomes a term for Christian bishops, including the Bishop of Rome. Tertullian, in heresy rebuking Pope Calixtus I (217-222 AD), ironically bestowed upon him the title of Pontifex Maximus. In the 15th century, the Renaissance stirred up new interest in ancient Rome. This became an unofficial regular title of honor for the Pope.
Conclusion:
Pontiff, hierarchy
From this comes the words pontiff and hierarchy. It interesting to note that the emperor, chief priest, and pope have similar roles, leading an organization of priests of some form. The pontiff or pope, as successor to Peter, continues to serve as bridge between God and the Church.