US20020007830A1 - Radiation heat collector - Google Patents
Radiation heat collector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020007830A1 US20020007830A1 US09/886,283 US88628301A US2002007830A1 US 20020007830 A1 US20020007830 A1 US 20020007830A1 US 88628301 A US88628301 A US 88628301A US 2002007830 A1 US2002007830 A1 US 2002007830A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heat collector
- reflector
- reflectors
- collector member
- collector according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
- F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
- F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
- F24S10/748—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. zig-zag
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
- F24S40/52—Preventing overheating or overpressure by modifying the heat collection, e.g. by defocusing or by changing the position of heat-receiving elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/83—Other shapes
- F24S2023/838—Other shapes involutes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
- F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/131—Transmissions in the form of articulated bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation heat collector typically employed to collect solar heat to fluid media such as water.
- a solar heat collector comprises a tubular heat collector member for conducting water that is to be heated, and a reflector for converging incident solar light upon the heat collector member.
- the sun changes its position during the day, and the daily motion of the sun changes according to the time of the year.
- the motion of the sun depends on the latitude of the location.
- a solar heat collector using a reflector provides a relatively high efficiency, but its efficiency drops sharply if the incident angle of the solar light with respect to the solar heat collector is improper.
- Another problem in the conventional solar heat collector is its incapability to shut off the solar input. If there is no demand for hot water, the water held inside the heat collector member will boil to an excessive extent, and the resulting rise in the internal pressure may cause an adverse effect on the seals of various parts and may even affect the overall integrity of the solar heat collector. When the heat collector member is heated by the sun under a dry condition, the resulting rise in the temperature of the heat collector member may even damage the various components of the solar heat collector.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a radiation heat collector which can maintain a high efficiency without regard to the incident angle of the incident radiation heat.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a radiation heat collector which can shut off radiation heat input when desired.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a radiation heat collector which is easy to install.
- a heat collector comprising: a linear tubular heat collector member defining an internal passage for conducting fluid; and a reflector having a reflecting surface partly surrounding the heat collector member; the reflector being rotatably supported around the heat collector member.
- the angular position can be changed at will so as to optimize the orientation of the reflector for the given location, inclination of the solar collector, time of the year and time of the day.
- the reflector may be directed in an optimum fashion by using a powered actuator for rotating the reflector, and a controller for operating the powered actuator according to a predicted motion of the sun.
- the reflector When the incident radiation is desired to be shut off, the reflector may be adapted to be turned to an angular position at which the reflector is located substantially above the heat collector member. This position is also beneficial for protecting the heat collector member from external influences such as hail.
- a plurality of heat collector members may be arranged in a mutually parallel relationship, and connected to one another in series via connecting pipes. It is also possible to combine both serial and parallel connections of the heat collector members to suit the particular need.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat collector embodying the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a partly broken-away fragmentary side view of the heat collector of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional taken along line III-III of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing one of the heat collector modules.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are views similar to FIG. 2 showing the mode of operation of the heat collector.
- FIG. 1 generally illustrates a radiation heat collector in the form of a solar water heater embodying the present invention.
- This heat collector comprises a casing 1 in the form of a box having an open top end, and a plurality of heat collector modules 2 placed one next to another inside the casing 1 .
- Each heat collector module 2 comprises a heat collector member 3 consisting of a tubular member, and a reflector 4 for reflecting solar light onto the heat collector member 3 .
- the tubular heat collector members 3 are connected to one another in series via a connecting pipe 3 a, and one end of the serial connection is connected to a cool water source via a pump or the like while the other end thereof is connected to a user of hot water such as a storage tank and a radiator. If desired, the tubular heat collector members 3 may also be connected to one another in parallel. It is also possible to combine serial and parallel connections as desired.
- the open end of the casing 1 may be closed by a sheet or a plurality of sheets of glass or other transparent material 5 to thermally insulate the interior of the casing 1 . It has been proven to be advantageous to use a double glass pane, optionally having an evacuated intermediate layer. If desired, the interior of the casing 1 may be evacuated for an improved thermal insulation.
- each heat collector module 2 is rotatably supported by bearings 6 around the heat collector member 3 (point 0 in FIG. 2).
- the bearings 6 may be either slide bearings or roller bearings. This arrangement eliminates the need for a pivot shaft or the like, and simplifies the overall structure.
- the adjacent heat collector modules 2 are spaced from each other so as to avoid any interference between the reflectors 4 .
- a pinion 7 is centrally attached to an end of each reflector 4 , and meshes with a common rack 8 .
- the rack 8 is supported by rollers 11 so as to be linearly moveable, and has one end which projects out of the casing 1 and is fitted with a handle 9 .
- each heat collector module 2 can be rotated to a desired angle by operating the handle 9 toward and away from the casing 1 .
- a powered actuator such as an electric motor 10 may be used as shown by the imaginary lines in FIG. 1.
- the output shaft of the electric motor 10 may be fitted with a pinion which meshes with the rack 8 .
- the electric motor 10 may be connected to a controller 12 which can determine the orientation of the reflectors 4 according to the latitude of the location, angular position of the heat collector, time (season) of the year and time of the day so that the reflectors 4 may be directed to the optimum direction at all times.
- the reflectors 4 of the heat collector modules 2 may each consist of sheet metal having a reflective surface which is formed into a per se known CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) shape and reinforced by a plurality of ribs.
- the CPC is given as a combination of a pair of parabolic segments at an angle which is joined by an involute curve.
- the CPC allows an incident solar ray to efficiently converge upon the heat collector member placed in a bottom part thereof over a wide range of incident angle.
- the central ridge 4 a in the bottom part of each reflector 4 ideally touches the heat collector member 3 , but in practice is spaced from the heat collector member 3 so that the loss of heat from the heat collector member 3 due to such a contact may be avoided.
- the mode of operation of this heat collector is described in the following.
- the heat collector is placed at a 30 degree angle relative to the horizontal plane by taking into account the latitude of the location.
- the heat collector in this case is adapted to rotate each reflector by 30 degrees from its neutral position in either direction by actuating the rack 8 and pinions 7 .
- the electric motor is controlled so as to direct each reflector 4 to the sun at all times. If the reflectors 4 are placed too close to one another, each reflector may prevent the sun ray from reaching the adjacent reflectors. However, by suitably spacing the reflectors 4 from one another, it is possible to allow each reflector to receive a same amount of light without regard to the position of the sun, and ensure a stable heat collection over a long period of time.
- the reflectors 4 may be rotated to a position to cover the heat collector members 3 or to surround the heat collector members 3 with their reflective surfaces. If necessary, the back side or convex side of each reflector may be given with a reflective surface to optimize the shielding of the incident sun light. This prevents excessive boiling of the water or excessive heating of the heat collector members 3 . Excessive boiling of the water may have an adverse effect on seal members and integrity of the entire assembly. Similarly, excessive heating of the heat collector member under a dry condition may cause an adverse effect on the material of the various components.
- covering the heat collector members 3 with the reflectors 4 reduces the radiation loss of heat by reflecting back the thermal radiation from the heat collector members 3 onto themselves. Additionally, the reflectors 4 may be used for covering the heat collector members 3 to protect them from external influences such as hail.
- the motor 10 may be controlled so as to direct the reflectors 4 to the optimum position at all times by taking into account the latitude of the location, installed angle of the solar collector, time of the year or season and time of the day.
- the controller 12 is programmed so as to control the motor 10 according to the predicted motion of the sun.
- the reflectors 4 were turned by using an arrangement including a pinion attached to each reflector and a rack, but other arrangements are also possible.
- the pinions attached to the adjacent reflectors may be meshed directly to each other to synchronize the motion of the reflectors.
- a chain, belt or linkage may be employed to achieve the same purpose.
- the actuator may also consist of a linear motor, hydraulic actuator or the like.
- Each reflector was shaped like a trough defining a CPC reflective surface in the illustrated embodiment, but the reflective surface may consist of a simple parabolic surface or any approximately parabolic surface.
- the advantage of turning the reflectors is even greater because a parabolic reflective surface is known to be affected by the failure to squarely face the sunlight more severely than the CPC reflective surface.
Abstract
In a radiation heat collector, comprising: a linear tubular heat collector member defining an internal passage for conducting fluid and a reflector having a reflecting surface partly surrounding the heat collector member, the reflector is rotatably supported around the heat collector member so that the angular position can be changed at will so as to optimize the orientation of the reflector for the given location, inclination of the solar collector, time of the year and time of the day.
Description
- The present invention relates to a radiation heat collector typically employed to collect solar heat to fluid media such as water.
- Conventionally, various forms of solar heat collectors have been proposed. Typically, a solar heat collector comprises a tubular heat collector member for conducting water that is to be heated, and a reflector for converging incident solar light upon the heat collector member. However, the sun changes its position during the day, and the daily motion of the sun changes according to the time of the year. Also, the motion of the sun depends on the latitude of the location. A solar heat collector using a reflector provides a relatively high efficiency, but its efficiency drops sharply if the incident angle of the solar light with respect to the solar heat collector is improper.
- Therefore, there has been a considerable difficulty in achieving a designed efficiency due to the failure to aim the solar heat collector in an optimum direction. Even if the solar heat collector is aimed in an optimum direction at one point of time, the efficiency may drop sharply in a different point of time.
- Another problem in the conventional solar heat collector is its incapability to shut off the solar input. If there is no demand for hot water, the water held inside the heat collector member will boil to an excessive extent, and the resulting rise in the internal pressure may cause an adverse effect on the seals of various parts and may even affect the overall integrity of the solar heat collector. When the heat collector member is heated by the sun under a dry condition, the resulting rise in the temperature of the heat collector member may even damage the various components of the solar heat collector.
- In view of such problems of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a radiation heat collector which can maintain a high efficiency without regard to the incident angle of the incident radiation heat.
- A second object of the present invention is to provide a radiation heat collector which can shut off radiation heat input when desired.
- A third object of the present invention is to provide a radiation heat collector which is easy to install.
- According to the present invention, such objects can be accomplished by providing a heat collector, comprising: a linear tubular heat collector member defining an internal passage for conducting fluid; and a reflector having a reflecting surface partly surrounding the heat collector member; the reflector being rotatably supported around the heat collector member. Thereby, the angular position can be changed at will so as to optimize the orientation of the reflector for the given location, inclination of the solar collector, time of the year and time of the day.
- The reflector may be directed in an optimum fashion by using a powered actuator for rotating the reflector, and a controller for operating the powered actuator according to a predicted motion of the sun.
- When the incident radiation is desired to be shut off, the reflector may be adapted to be turned to an angular position at which the reflector is located substantially above the heat collector member. This position is also beneficial for protecting the heat collector member from external influences such as hail.
- For practical purposes, a plurality of heat collector members may be arranged in a mutually parallel relationship, and connected to one another in series via connecting pipes. It is also possible to combine both serial and parallel connections of the heat collector members to suit the particular need.
- Now the present invention is described in the following with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat collector embodying the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a partly broken-away fragmentary side view of the heat collector of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional taken along line III-III of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing one of the heat collector modules; and
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are views similar to FIG. 2 showing the mode of operation of the heat collector.
- FIG. 1 generally illustrates a radiation heat collector in the form of a solar water heater embodying the present invention. This heat collector comprises a
casing 1 in the form of a box having an open top end, and a plurality ofheat collector modules 2 placed one next to another inside thecasing 1. Eachheat collector module 2 comprises aheat collector member 3 consisting of a tubular member, and areflector 4 for reflecting solar light onto theheat collector member 3. The tubularheat collector members 3 are connected to one another in series via a connectingpipe 3 a, and one end of the serial connection is connected to a cool water source via a pump or the like while the other end thereof is connected to a user of hot water such as a storage tank and a radiator. If desired, the tubularheat collector members 3 may also be connected to one another in parallel. It is also possible to combine serial and parallel connections as desired. - The open end of the
casing 1 may be closed by a sheet or a plurality of sheets of glass or othertransparent material 5 to thermally insulate the interior of thecasing 1. It has been proven to be advantageous to use a double glass pane, optionally having an evacuated intermediate layer. If desired, the interior of thecasing 1 may be evacuated for an improved thermal insulation. - Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the
reflector 4 of eachheat collector module 2 is rotatably supported bybearings 6 around the heat collector member 3 (point 0 in FIG. 2). Thebearings 6 may be either slide bearings or roller bearings. This arrangement eliminates the need for a pivot shaft or the like, and simplifies the overall structure. The adjacentheat collector modules 2 are spaced from each other so as to avoid any interference between thereflectors 4. Apinion 7 is centrally attached to an end of eachreflector 4, and meshes with acommon rack 8. Therack 8 is supported byrollers 11 so as to be linearly moveable, and has one end which projects out of thecasing 1 and is fitted with ahandle 9. Thus, thereflector 4 of eachheat collector module 2 can be rotated to a desired angle by operating thehandle 9 toward and away from thecasing 1. Alternatively or additionally, a powered actuator such as anelectric motor 10 may be used as shown by the imaginary lines in FIG. 1. In this case, the output shaft of theelectric motor 10 may be fitted with a pinion which meshes with therack 8. If desired, theelectric motor 10 may be connected to acontroller 12 which can determine the orientation of thereflectors 4 according to the latitude of the location, angular position of the heat collector, time (season) of the year and time of the day so that thereflectors 4 may be directed to the optimum direction at all times. - The
reflectors 4 of theheat collector modules 2 may each consist of sheet metal having a reflective surface which is formed into a per se known CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) shape and reinforced by a plurality of ribs. The CPC is given as a combination of a pair of parabolic segments at an angle which is joined by an involute curve. The CPC allows an incident solar ray to efficiently converge upon the heat collector member placed in a bottom part thereof over a wide range of incident angle. For details of the CPC, reference should be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,499 issued Jan. 11, 1977 to R. Winston. Thecentral ridge 4 a in the bottom part of eachreflector 4 ideally touches theheat collector member 3, but in practice is spaced from theheat collector member 3 so that the loss of heat from theheat collector member 3 due to such a contact may be avoided. - The mode of operation of this heat collector is described in the following. Suppose that the heat collector is placed at a 30 degree angle relative to the horizontal plane by taking into account the latitude of the location. The heat collector in this case is adapted to rotate each reflector by 30 degrees from its neutral position in either direction by actuating the
rack 8 andpinions 7. The electric motor is controlled so as to direct eachreflector 4 to the sun at all times. If thereflectors 4 are placed too close to one another, each reflector may prevent the sun ray from reaching the adjacent reflectors. However, by suitably spacing thereflectors 4 from one another, it is possible to allow each reflector to receive a same amount of light without regard to the position of the sun, and ensure a stable heat collection over a long period of time. - When there is no need for collecting heat due to the absence of any demand for hot water, for instance, the
reflectors 4 may be rotated to a position to cover theheat collector members 3 or to surround theheat collector members 3 with their reflective surfaces. If necessary, the back side or convex side of each reflector may be given with a reflective surface to optimize the shielding of the incident sun light. This prevents excessive boiling of the water or excessive heating of theheat collector members 3. Excessive boiling of the water may have an adverse effect on seal members and integrity of the entire assembly. Similarly, excessive heating of the heat collector member under a dry condition may cause an adverse effect on the material of the various components. Also, when sunlight is not available or at night, covering theheat collector members 3 with thereflectors 4 reduces the radiation loss of heat by reflecting back the thermal radiation from theheat collector members 3 onto themselves. Additionally, thereflectors 4 may be used for covering theheat collector members 3 to protect them from external influences such as hail. - When a
controller 12 is used in association with theelectric motor 10, themotor 10 may be controlled so as to direct thereflectors 4 to the optimum position at all times by taking into account the latitude of the location, installed angle of the solar collector, time of the year or season and time of the day. Typically, thecontroller 12 is programmed so as to control themotor 10 according to the predicted motion of the sun. - In the above described embodiment, the
reflectors 4 were turned by using an arrangement including a pinion attached to each reflector and a rack, but other arrangements are also possible. For instance, the pinions attached to the adjacent reflectors may be meshed directly to each other to synchronize the motion of the reflectors. Alternatively, a chain, belt or linkage may be employed to achieve the same purpose. The actuator may also consist of a linear motor, hydraulic actuator or the like. - Each reflector was shaped like a trough defining a CPC reflective surface in the illustrated embodiment, but the reflective surface may consist of a simple parabolic surface or any approximately parabolic surface. In this case, the advantage of turning the reflectors is even greater because a parabolic reflective surface is known to be affected by the failure to squarely face the sunlight more severely than the CPC reflective surface.
- Although the present invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment thereof, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that various alterations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention which is set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A heat collector, comprising:
a linear tubular heat collector member defining an internal passage for conducting fluid; and
a reflector having a reflecting surface partly surrounding said heat collector member;
said reflector being rotatably supported around said heat collector member.
2. A heat collector according to claim 1 , further comprising a powered actuator for rotating said reflector.
3. A heat collector according to claim 2 , further comprising a controller for operating said powered actuator according to a predicted motion of the sun.
4. A heat collector according to claim 1 , wherein said reflector is adapted to be turned to an angular position at which said reflector is located substantially above said heat collector member.
5. A heat collector according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of heat collector members are arranged in a mutually parallel relationship, and are connected to one another in series via connecting pipes.
6. A heat collector according to claim 5 , further comprising a mechanism for synchronizing angular motion of said reflectors.
7. A heat collector according to claim 6 , further comprising a powered actuator for rotating said reflectors.
8. A heat collector according to claim 7 , further comprising a controller for operating said powered actuator according to a predicted motion of the sun.
9. A heat collector according to claim 6 , wherein said reflectors are adapted to be turned to an angular position at which each of said reflectors is located substantially above the corresponding heat collector member.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000209714A JP2002022283A (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2000-07-11 | Heat collecting apparatus |
JP2000-209714 | 2000-07-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020007830A1 true US20020007830A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
Family
ID=18706079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/886,283 Abandoned US20020007830A1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2001-06-21 | Radiation heat collector |
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US (1) | US20020007830A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002022283A (en) |
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ITSA20080028A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2008-12-12 | Green Earth S R L | MANIFOLD TUBE FOR LINEAR SOLAR CONCENTRATORS WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE MICROWASHERS AS A CARRIER. |
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2000
- 2000-07-11 JP JP2000209714A patent/JP2002022283A/en active Pending
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2001
- 2001-06-21 US US09/886,283 patent/US20020007830A1/en not_active Abandoned
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